Capability
Source · Militarisation of Cognitive and Information Environments
What is the central argument of “Militarisation of Cognitive and Information Environments”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Cognitive warfare involves synchronized non-kinetic operations designed to influence, protect or disrupt the cognition of individuals and societies. As NATO describes it, these tactics integrate cyber, information and psychological instruments to shape attitudes and behaviour. The Alliance defines cognitive warfare as a hybrid conflict…
Capability
Source · Quad Strategy to Reshape Critical Mineral Supply Chains and Curb Chinese Dominance
What is the central argument of “Quad Strategy to Reshape Critical Mineral Supply Chains and Curb Chinese Dominance”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The increasing centrality of critical minerals in the global competition for economic leadership and strategic autonomy has placed supply chains under intense scrutiny. Minerals such as lithium, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements are no longer niche industrial inputs but strategic resources vital to national security, energy…
Capability
Source · ESG and Defence: Reconciling Ethics and Security
What is the central argument of “ESG and Defence”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The rise in military spending and geopolitical threats is forcing a re-examination of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles as they relate to defence investments. For years, many institutional investors excluded defence stocks on ethical grounds, akin to “sin” industries like tobacco. But Russia’s war in Ukraine and…
Capability
Source · Poland Secures U.S. Loan Guarantee to Accelerate Defence Modernization
What is the central argument of “Poland Secures U.S. Loan Guarantee to Accelerate Defence Modernization”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Poland continues to assert itself as NATO’s frontline power by pursuing one of the most aggressive military modernisation programmes in Europe. In response to the shifting strategic environment caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Warsaw is not only increasing its defence budget but also expanding its military capabilities through…
Capability
Source · Lethal Autonomous Weapons and the Political Economy of Automated Warfare
What is the central argument of “Lethal Autonomous Weapons and the Political Economy of Automated Warfare”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Autonomous weapons are no longer confined to science fiction — they are entering procurement pipelines and reshaping the defence industry. These systems, often described as “killer robots,” are designed to identify and strike targets without direct human control, raising unprecedented ethical, legal, and strategic dilemmas. Beyond the…
Capability
Source · Rheinmetall Expands in the Baltics: Lithuania Becomes Europe’s New Ammunition and Propellant Hub
What is the central argument of “Rheinmetall Expands in the Baltics”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
With the groundbreaking ceremony in Baisogala, in Lithuania’s Radviliškis district, Germany’s Rheinmetall AG has launched one of the most strategically significant defence investments in Eastern Europe. The project encompasses two integrated facilities — a 155mm artillery ammunition plant and a Centre of Excellence for propellant…
Capability
Source · Rheinmetall’s Shift to European Steel: A Structural Signal in Europe’s Defence-Industrial Reconfiguration
What is the central argument of “Rheinmetall’s Shift to European Steel”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Rheinmetall’s recent decision to concentrate its steel procurement within Germany and Europe reflects a deeper transformation underway in the European defence-industrial landscape. The company, which historically sourced a share of its steel from India and China, has publicly stated that future supply will predominantly come from…
Capability
Source · Renewable Energy as Strategic Defence Infrastructure: When Climate Resilience Becomes National Security
What is the central argument of “Renewable Energy as Strategic Defence Infrastructure”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
A group of retired senior European military officers has urged NATO governments to treat investments in low-carbon, distributed energy as a core element of defence budgeting. The strategic premise is linear: climate change magnifies exposure to coercion, price volatility, and vulnerability of centralized fossil-fuel systems; diversified…
Capability
Source · EU Allocates €910M to Boost Defence Innovation
What is the central argument of “EU Allocates €910M to Boost Defence Innovation”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The European Union has allocated €910 million under its latest European Defence Fund (EDF) round to spur cutting-edge defence innovation and close critical capability gaps . Announced in May 2025, this investment will finance 62 collaborative defence R&D projects across Europe, focusing on high-priority areas such as drones…
Capability
Source · Emerging Investments in Air Defence and Electronic Warfare
What is the central argument of “Emerging Investments in Air Defence and Electronic Warfare”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The war in Ukraine has redefined the hierarchy of military priorities across Europe, and none more decisively than the need for integrated air defence and robust electronic warfare capabilities. For decades, European defence planning assumed that air superiority was guaranteed under the NATO umbrella and that high-intensity conflict on…
Capability
Source · Drones and the Reshaping of Close Combat Firepower
What is the central argument of “Drones and the Reshaping of Close Combat Firepower”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The widespread use of drones and loitering munitions has fundamentally altered the economics and dynamics of close combat. What began as a niche capability has become a core driver of procurement priorities across modern armed forces. Lightweight, portable, and relatively inexpensive, drones provide tactical units with surveillance and…
Capability
Source · Digitalization of Infantry Units: Investment and Industrial Implications
What is the central argument of “Digitalization of Infantry Units”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The digitalization of infantry units has become one of the most decisive structural shifts in modern defence markets. No longer is the infantry soldier an isolated actor relying solely on traditional small arms and physical resilience. Instead, each soldier is now embedded in a digital ecosystem of sensors, secure communications, and…
Capability
Source · Defence Investments Gain Traction Among Sustainability Investors
What is the central argument of “Defence Investments Gain Traction Among Sustainability Investors”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
In a notable shift, defence-related investments are gaining traction among investors who prioritize sustainability and ESG criteria, as these stakeholders reconsider the role of military security in upholding stable, free societies. Over the past year, a growing number of institutions with sustainability mandates have softened their…
Capability
Source · Defence ETFs: Volatility and Sector Rotation
What is the central argument of “Defence ETFs”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Over the past two weeks, the behaviour of European defence-focused ETFs has illustrated how quickly market sentiment can shift when geopolitical narratives change. After an extended rally driven by structural rearmament plans and rising defence budgets, the segment has experienced a sharp bout of profit-taking, followed by a partial…
Capability
Source · SAFE Instrument: EU Opens Negotiations with the UK and Canada
What is the central argument of “SAFE Instrument”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
On 18 September 2025, the Council of the European Union authorised the European Commission to open negotiations with the United Kingdom and Canada regarding their participation in the Security Action for Europe (SAFE), a €150 billion defence loan instrument. SAFE, established as the first pillar of the Commission’s ReArm Europe…
Capability
Source · Shifting the Paradigm: Western Military Aid and the Rise of Ukraine’s Indigenous Defense Industry
What is the central argument of “Shifting the Paradigm”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
One of the most consequential transformations in the architecture of post-2022 Western military assistance has not occurred on the battlefield, but within the industrial policy frameworks of allied support to Ukraine. As the war evolves into a long-duration conflict, the logic of emergency resupply—based on the depletion of allied…
Capability
Source · BAE Systems: Expanding Global Defence Footprint
What is the central argument of “BAE Systems”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
BAE Systems, Europe’s largest defence contractor, is aggressively expanding its global footprint in 2025 through new international contracts and strategic partnerships, solidifying its position as a key player in the modern security landscape. With defence spending on the rise in Europe, Asia, and beyond, BAE is capitalizing on robust…
Capability
Source · Apex’s $200 million round and the defence-space production shift
What is the central argument of “Apex’s $200 million round and the defence-space production shift”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The latest funding round for Apex marks a relevant inflection in the economics of space manufacturing. A company purpose-built for standardized, configurable satellite buses has secured late-stage capital to accelerate output at a time when governments and commercial constellations are converging on similar requirements: speed to orbit…
Capability
Source · 2025 Update of the EU Dual-Use Control List: Strategic Implications for European Technology and Security
What is the central argument of “2025 Update of the EU Dual-Use Control List”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
On 8 September 2025, the European Commission adopted a Delegated Regulation updating the EU dual-use export control list under Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2021/821. This update follows decisions made in 2024 by the multilateral export control regimes—the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group…
Capability
Source · Why German Tanks Are So Expensive: Strategic Gaps and Industrial Realities
What is the central argument of “Why German Tanks Are So Expensive”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
Germany’s defense buildup, prompted by the Zeitenwende and reinforced by NATO commitments, has brought military procurement back to the center of policy debate. With Europe’s strategic environment shifting rapidly, the need for modernized equipment has become urgent. However, questions are mounting over the costs and efficiency of…
Capability
Source · U.S. Army Launches FUZE to Accelerate Technology Integration
What is the central argument of “U.S. Army Launches FUZE to Accelerate Technology Integration”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
On 15 September 2025, the Secretary of the U.S. Army, the Honorable Dan Driscoll, announced the establishment of FUZE, a new technology integration enterprise designed to synchronize the service’s innovation programs under a single framework. Presented at the Army Demand Signal Forum in Arlington, Virginia, FUZE consolidates xTech, the…
Capability
Source · Ukraine, U.S. Defense Sales, and Europe’s Strategic Dilemma
What is the central argument of “Ukraine, U.S. Defense Sales, and Europe’s Strategic Dilemma”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
In late August 2025, the U.S. State Department approved two new Foreign Military Sales to Ukraine: $150 million for satellite communications services and $825 million for extended-range precision munitions. These agreements, managed through the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, confirm Washington’s central role in sustaining Kyiv’s…
Capability
Source · Will Defence Spending Keep Rising After a Possible Putin–Trump Deal?
What is the central argument of “Will Defence Spending Keep Rising After a Possible Putin”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
For professionals engaged in the defence industry and in the financial markets linked to it, understanding the trajectory of military investment after a potential Putin–Trump agreement is of fundamental importance. Such a political development could reshape security perceptions across Europe, the Indo-Pacific, and beyond, potentially…
Capability
Source · Rearming the Rimlands: Germany and Japan in a New Strategic Age
What is the central argument of “Rearming the Rimlands”, and why does it matter for European defence and dual-use markets?
The post-2022 global security landscape has accelerated a profound strategic shift in both Europe and the Indo-Pacific, compelling a reassessment of the historical constraints placed on Germany and Japan after 1945. These two states, once defeated powers subject to externally imposed limits on rearmament and strategic autonomy, are now…