NATO–EU Strategic Priority: Defence Industrial Base & Munitions Readiness

The emergence of large-scale war in Europe has redefined the strategic centrality of industrial capacity as a determining factor of deterrence credibility. The conflict in Ukraine demonstrated that high-intensity operations cannot be sustained without deep reserves of ammunition, explosives, propellants and missile components, exposing the gap between Russian wartime production and the far more limited European output. This imbalance carries structural implications for alliance security, because deterrence depends not solely on advanced platforms but on the ability to replace them and maintain operational tempo under pressure. NATO and the European Union have therefore elevated Defence Industrial Base Strengthening and Munitions Readiness to the level of core strategic priority, linking credibility in collective defence to the existence of a resilient, scalable and geographically diversified industrial base. This priority is driven by the recognition that future crises may require simultaneous support to Ukraine, defence of the Eastern Flank and responses to broader geopolitical shocks. It also reflects consensus that Europe’s defence architecture cannot rely indefinitely on external suppliers of explosives, energetics or semiconductors. The return of industrial policy to the security domain marks a structural shift: the DIB is now treated as an operational enabler, a strategic asset and a vulnerability that adversaries could exploit.